The Effect of the Indium(III) Phthalocyanine Chloride Films on the Behavior of Flexible Devices of Flat and Disperse Heterojunction

Abstract 
By means of flat-heterojunction structures based on small semiconductor molecules (MSCs), an analysis of the indium(III) phthalocyanine chloride (In(III)PcCl) film as a constituent of optoelectronic devices was performed. The study included the behavior of In(III)PcCl playing three different roles: a donor species, an electronic acceptor, and a hole layer carrier. The flat-heterojunction structures were prepared by vacuum deposition method that permits a controlled layer-by-layer growth of high purity films. The investigated structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), UV-vis spectroscopy and optical bandgaps were obtained by Tauc’s and Cody’s methods. As the structures exhibit a large spectral absorption in the visible range, they were incorporated into flat-heterojunction devices based on flexible and rigid substrates. However, during the synthesis of those structures, the disperse heterojunction arrangement was found and indeed it showed to be more efficient than the initial flat-heterojunction. In order to complement these results, disperse heterojunction arrangement structure as well as its bandgap value were obtained by DFT calculations. Finally, the electronic behavior of both fabricated devices, disperse heterojunction and flat-heterojunction were compared.